docker run --name db-1 --env MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD='password' mysql:8.0 2025-03-08 07:00:28+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.41-1.el9 started. 2025-03-08 07:00:28+00:00 ...

The underlying issue is described in MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual / Character Sets, Collations, Unicode / Connection Character Sets and Collations: Connect-Time Error ...