Abstract: This article presents a new soil moisture monitoring system (SMMS) for precision agriculture applications. The system consists of a metamaterial-inspired microwave sensor and an electronic ...

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon. Early detection of moisture stress in maize is vital for sustainable irrigation management, improved water-use efficiency, and ...

LabVIEW is a graphical programming language, used in many research fields for designing communication algorithms and simulating traditional as well as real time signals. Arduino kit can be interfaced ...

MediaPipe is used to detect hand landmarks in real-time. Custom logic maps different gestures (open hand, closed fist, etc.) to LED numbers. Connect LEDs to Arduino digital pins (D9–D13 in this case).